Wikia生物學
Advertisement
原核(Porkaryotes) 真核(Eukaryotes)
DNA合成酶(DNA Polymerase) 有三種
  • Pol I:
3' exonuclease: repair
5' exonuclease: 切RNA primer
polymerase
  • Pol II: Repair
  • Pol III
α:
ε:3'→5' exonuclease
β: form a ring around DNA
θ:unknow
只有一種DNA polymerase
  • 組成單元(Subunit)
α:lagging strand replication
β:repair
γ:mitochorial DNA replication
δ:leading strand replicaton
ε:replication
RNA合成酶(RNA polymerase 只有一種
  • 組成單元(Subunit)
α:chain initiation, interaction with regulatory protein and upstram promoter elements
β:chain initiation and elongation(holoenzyme)
β':DNA binding
σ:promoter recognition
有三種
  • Pol I:合成pre-rRNA 在核仁
  • Pol II:合成pre-mRNA 在核質
  • Pol III:合成pre-tRNA 和其僚small RNAs 在核質,5s rRNA
轉錄(Transcription)
起始(Initiation) σ辨識啟動子(Promoter)→Closed-promoter complex→open promoter complex→mRNA合成(第一個是嘌呤pruine)→做10個後丟掉→σ離開→正式做mRNA

Promoter:-35區域 至 -10區域

Pol I promoter: upstream promoter, core promoter

兩個輔因子:

UBF1: 結合在兩個promoter上,特別是core promoter 的G-C rich
SL1: UFB1結合上promoter後,SL1跟著上去
Pol II promoter: TATA box(-25)

Transcription factor:TBP and TFIID(enhancer, response element)

Pol III promoter: downstream of star point(+55)-box A and boxC

Transcription factor: TFIIIB and TFIIIC

終止(Termination) Factor independent: GC rich→stem loop→mRNA上出現U-rich→release

Factor dependent:ρ factor

attenuation

Pol II 在mRNA上做出AAUAA之後,繼續往下移動,但在之後的11到30個base位置被endonuclease切掉,由poly(A) polymerase加上polyA
轉譯(Translation)
起始 SD sequence, start condon|)→50S→release IF1, 2, 3

第一個胺基酸: N-formylmethionine

SD sequence:AGGAGG,位於<10 base upstream

Small subunit 和cap結合後,開始往3'移動,找到AUG後,large unit與small unit結合,開始轉錄eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2, eIF2B, eIF3, eIF4C, eIF4A, eIF4B, eIF4F, eIF5, eIF6

第一個胺基酸:methionine

延長因子(elongation factors)
  • EF-Tu 傳送aa-tRNA給ribosome
  • EF-TS 使Tu再帶有GTP
  • EF-G translocation factor
  • eEF1α
  • eEF1β γ
  • eEF2
終止(Termination) UAA, UAG, UGA UAA, UAG, UGA
Advertisement